When you think of COVID-19 tests, you may picture a long swab being inserted deep into your nostril for an uncomfortable amount of time at a testing site. And while this is sometimes true, some tests use other ways to collect the sample.
Diagnostic tests: Swabs, saliva, and rinses
Nasopharyngeal swabs
Diagnostic tests typically require a nasopharyngeal swab. This involves inserting a 6-inch long swab into the back of the nasal passage through one nostril and rotating the swab several times for 15 seconds. This process is then repeated through the other nostril. The swab is then inserted into a container and sent to a lab for processing, either at the testing location or another facility, depending on the type of test available.
Other collection methods
Other collection methods have also been introduced for different COVID-19 tests, including nasal swabs, saliva, and oral rinses. Compared to the deep nasopharyngeal swabs, these methods may be easier and more comfortable to administer. Nasal swabs only go in as far as the nostril, and saliva samples are as simple as spitting into a tube. Most recently, the FDA authorized the first oral rinse test, which allows you to swish, gargle, and spit into a tube.
At-home collection
Most diagnostic tests need to be administered by a healthcare provider, but some allow you to collect the sample yourself. In fact, there are companies that will send you a test where you collect the sample from the comfort of your home (called at-home collection tests). Most at-home collection tests require a prescription, but a few are available without a prescription and can be purchased over the counter (OTC).
At-home collection test kits come with a collection device to collect your saliva or a nasal swab, and the sample is then mailed to the lab for processing. Most recently, the FDA has authorized at least three tests that can be done entirely at home. This means that you don’t need to send your sample to a lab, and that you’ll receive your results in 30 minutes or less.
Serological tests: Blood samples
Serological tests rely on detecting antibodies in a blood sample, usually obtained through a simple finger prick or blood draw. These tests do not require specialized equipment to process the results, which allows them to be used in labs, clinics, and doctor’s offices.